Distribution and biomass of gelatinous zooplankton in relation to an oxygen minimum zone and a shallow seamount in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean.

Physical and topographic characteristics can structure pelagic habitats and affect the plankton community composition. For example, oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are expected to lead to a habitat compression for species with a high oxygen demand, while upwelling of nutrient-rich deep water at seamounts can locally increase productivity, especially in oligotrophic oceanic waters. Here we investigate the response of the gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) assemblage and biomass to differing oxygen conditions and to a seamount in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) around the Cape Verde archipelago. A total of 16 GZ taxa (>1100 specimens) were found in the upper 1000 m with distinct species-specific differences, such as the absence of deep-living species Atolla wyvillei and Periphylla periphylla above the shallow seamount summit. Statistical analyses considering the most prominent groups, present at all stations, namely Beroe spp., hydromedusae (including Zygocanna vagans, Halicreas minimum, Colobonema sericeum, Solmissus spp.) and total GZ, showed a strong positive correlation of abundance with temperature for all groups, whereas oxygen had a weak negative correlation only with abundances of Beroe spp. and hydromedusae. To account for size differences between species, we established length-weight regressions and investigated total GZ biomass changes in relation to physical (OMZ) and topographic characteristics. The highest GZ biomass was observed at depths of lowest oxygen concentrations and deepest depth strata at the southeastern flank of the seamount and at two stations south of the Cape Verde archipelago. Our data suggest that, irrespective of their patchy distribution, GZ organisms are ubiquitous food web members of the ETNA, and their habitat includes waters of low oxygen content.

Ocean currents and acoustic backscatter data from shipboard ADCP measurements at three North Atlantic seamounts between 2004 and 2015.

Seamounts are amongst the most common physiographic structures of the deep-ocean landscape, but remoteness and geographic complexity have limited the systematic collection of integrated and multidisciplinary data in the past. Consequently, important aspects of seamount ecology and dynamics remain poorly studied. We present a data collection of ocean currents and raw acoustic backscatter from shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements during six cruises between 2004 and 2015 in the tropical and subtropical Northeast Atlantic to narrow this gap. Measurements were conducted at seamount locations between the island of Madeira and the Portuguese mainland (Ampère, Seine Seamount), as well as east of the Cape Verde archipelago (Senghor Seamount). The dataset includes two-minute ensemble averaged continuous velocity and backscatter profiles, supplemented by spatially gridded maps for each velocity component, error velocity and local bathymetry. The dataset is freely available from the digital data library PANGAEA at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.883193.

Diet and stable isotope analyses reveal the feeding ecology of the orangeback squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup 1855) (Mollusca, Ommastrephidae) in the eastern tropical Atlantic.

In the eastern tropical Atlantic, the orangeback flying squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup 1855) (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) is a dominant species of the epipelagic nekton community. This carnivore squid has a short lifespan and is one of the fastest-growing squids. In this study, we characterise the role of S. pteropus in the pelagic food web of the eastern tropical Atlantic by investigating its diet and the dynamics of its feeding habits throughout its ontogeny and migration. During three expeditions in the eastern tropical Atlantic in 2015, 129 specimens were caught by hand jigging. Stomach content analyses (via visual identification and DNA barcoding) were combined with stable isotope data (∂15N and ∂13C) of muscle tissue to describe diet, feeding habits and trophic ecology of S. pteropus. Additionally, stable isotope analyses of incremental samples along the squid's gladius-the chitinous spiniform structure supporting the muscles and organs-were carried out to explore possible diet shifts through ontogeny and migration. Our results show that S. pteropus preys mainly on myctophid fishes (e.g. Myctophum asperum, Myctophum nitidulum, Vinciguerria spp.), but also on other teleost species, cephalopods (e.g. Enoploteuthidae, Bolitinidae, Ommastrephidae), crustaceans and possibly on gelatinous zooplankton as well. The squid shows a highly opportunistic feeding behaviour that includes cannibalism. Our study indicates that the trophic position of S. pteropus may increase by approximately one trophic level from a mantle length of 15 cm to 47 cm. The reconstructed isotope-based feeding chronologies of the gladii revealed high intra- and inter-individual variability in the squid's trophic position and foraging area. These findings are not revealed by diet or muscle tissue stable isotope analysis. This suggests a variable and complex life history involving individual variation and migration. The role of S. pteropus in transferring energy and nutrients from lower to higher trophic levels may be underestimated and important for understanding how a changing ocean impacts food webs in the eastern Atlantic.

Weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC-W) for patients with primary advanced ovarian cancer: results of a multicenter phase-II study of the NOGGO.

OBJECTIVES: To study the toxicity and efficacy of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC-W) in women with primary ovarian cancer METHODS: This investigation extended a phase-I dose finding study and was approved by the institutional review boards of all participating institutions. Between 1999 and 2003, women with radically resected ovarian cancer of FIGO stages II B to IV were enrolled at 17 German centres. Patients received weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 100 mg/m2, followed by carboplatin AUC 2. After a first treatment block consisting of six cycles of chemotherapy, patients had a treatment-free interval of 14 days, followed by a second block of six cycles. Treatment was completed by a 28-days break and a final block of six cycles. RESULTS: Altogether, 129 women with a mean age of 59 +/- standard deviation 11 years entered the study. Most patients (82.9%) had serous papillary carcinoma of FIGO stage III (72.9%) and IV (20.9%). Participants received 1,851 cycles of chemotherapy; averaging 14.3 +/- 4.3 cycles each patient. PC-W produced low rates of peripheral neuropathy (grade 3: 2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-6.6%), with rapid recovery after 3 months. However, 72 patients had grade III/IV anaemia (55.8%, 95% CI 46.8-64.5%). There were 36 events of grade III/IV leukopenia (27.9%, 95% CI 20.4-36.5%). One patient sustained neutropenic fever. CA-125- and objective response was noted in 73.9% (95% CI 64.7-81.8%) and 55.6% (95% CI 41.4-69.1%) of patients. Median progression free and overall survival was 21 and 43 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PC-W is feasible; a randomized study is warranted to compare this new regimen with conventional 3-weekly treatment.